Fig. 5: Electricity generation cost results from Multinode, for each scenario.
From: Resource requirements and consequences of large-scale hydrogen use in Europe
a, Load weighted average marginal electricity cost per region. b, Total annualized investment costs in electricity generation, storage (including heat, hydrogen and batteries) and transmission. Regions are defined in ref. 60. The special case labelled ‘no transition’, in the dotted section, shows Multinode results for a model run with no hydrogen use and very little transportation electrification. In this case, two regions (ES1 and SI) present outlying average cost, as shown in panel (a), due to low solar deployment and extended use of gas turbines.
