Extended Data Fig. 6: All-carbon TFT back-to-back cycling without added salt in nanocellulose dielectric.

a, Transfer curves (drain current plotted on a linear scale against gate voltage) and (b) corresponding gate leakage currents demonstrating a 15% decrease in on-current and a 77% decrease in leakage current over 9 cycles, attributed to limitations in ion mobility and a time delay in the development of a double layer in the nanocellulose dielectric. c, Transfer curves for two back-to-back cycles showing a marked decrease in hysteresis between the (black) first and (red) second cycles and a significant (~2x) increase in on-current, attributed to the slow formation of the double layer charge that guides the decrease in gate leakage. Without the addition of salt, the transistor behavior is highly dependent on device history, both in terms of cycle duration (hold time) and in terms of cycle number. The transistor was fabricated without added salt and tested with a sweep rate of ~mV s^-1 .