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Van der Waals opto-spintronics

Nature Electronics volume 7, pages 336–347 (2024)Cite this article

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Abstract

Van der Waals materials with long-range magnetic order show a range of correlated phenomena that could be of use in the development of optoelectronic and spintronic applications. Magnetically ordered van der Waals semiconductors with spin-polarized currents are, in particular, sensitive to external stimuli such as strain, electrostatic fields, magnetic fields and electromagnetic radiation. Their combination of two-dimensional magnetic order, semiconducting band structure and weak dielectric screening means that these materials could be used to create novel atomically thin opto-spintronic devices. Here we explore the development of van der Waals opto-spintronics. We examine the interplay between optical, magnetic and electronic excitations in van der Waals magnetic semiconductors, and explore the control of their magnetization via external stimuli. We consider fabrication and passivation strategies for the practical handling and design of opto-spintronic devices. We also explore potential opto-spintronic device architectures and applications, which include magnonics, quantum transduction, neuromorphic computing and non-volatile memory.

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Fig. 1: CrI3 tunnelling devices for light helicity detection.
Fig. 2: Optically excited phonons and magnons in vdW magnetic semiconductors.
Fig. 3: External stimuli control of the magnetization in vdW magnets.
Fig. 4: Overcoming challenges in fabrication and charge transport characterization for vdW magnets.
Fig. 5: Opto-spintronic device applications based on vdW semiconductors.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Science Foundation Division of Materials Research (NSF DMR-2004420) and the Department of Energy (DOE DE-SC0019356).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

    J. Tyler Gish, Dmitry Lebedev, Thomas W. Song, Vinod K. Sangwan & Mark C. Hersam

  2. Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

    Mark C. Hersam

  3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

    Mark C. Hersam

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J.T.G., D.L., T.W.S. and V.K.S. performed the literature review and contributed to the initial draft of the paper. M.C.H. oversaw the research and performed the final editing of the paper.

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Gish, J.T., Lebedev, D., Song, T.W. et al. Van der Waals opto-spintronics. Nat Electron 7, 336–347 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-024-01167-3

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