Extended Data Fig. 3: Detailed analysis of electrographic seizure dynamics controlled by tFUS neurostimulation with the default protocol.
From: A shape-morphing cortex-adhesive sensor for closed-loop transcranial ultrasound neurostimulation
a, b, tFUS with the default protocol (40 Hz, 5% DC, 0.5 W cm−2 Ispta, 1 W cm−2 Isppa) suppressed seizure spike waves. In the closed-loop operation determined by neural activity information recorded from the SMCA device, tFUS stimulation automatically turned on (●) by HFO detection and turned off (▼) after the seizure SW was suppressed. Representative timetrace of all channels (a) and timetrace and spectrogram of a single channel (Ch.9) (b) of the closed-loop seizure control episodes. c, Two-dimensional topographic frames of electrographic seizures illustrating the spatiotemporal pattern within the duration of interest from seizure SW initiation (*1 in phase II) and SW suppressing (*2 in phase III) events.
