Fig. 1: Enantioconvergent approaches for nucleophilic substitution.
From: Enantioconvergent nucleophilic substitution via synergistic phase-transfer catalysis
a, Nucleophilic substitution via SN1, SN2, SN2X, transition metal-catalysed and photoredox mechanisms. b, HBPTC for the desymmetrization of meso-onium-type electrophiles with alkali metal fluoride salts (MF). c, S-HBPTC (this work): enantioconvergent nucleophilic substitution of benzylic bromides and α-haloketones with KF and two phase-transfer catalysts (a chiral HBD and an achiral onium salt). hv, visible light; cat*, chiral catalyst; DKR, dynamic kinetic resolution; TMS, trimethylsilyl; Nu, nucleophile; LG, leaving group.
