Fig. 7

Rapamycin enhances osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vivo. a–d Ex vivo bone marrow osteoclast differentiation from 3 mice/group after 1 month (a, b) or 2 months (c, d) of rapamycin or vehicle treatment. a, c Expression of osteoclast markers in differentiation cultures (n = 6). Representative results from 3 mice/group. (b, d) Representative images of TRAP-stained differentiation cultures. Rosi, rosiglitazone. e–m In vivo bone phenotype in mice treated with vehicle control or rapamycin (Rapa) at 700 μg/kg every 2 days. e Serum CTX-1 bone resorption marker (n = 4). f Serum P1NP bone formation marker (n = 4). g Representative μCT images of the trabecular bone of the tibial metaphysis (top) and the entire proximal tibia (bottom). h–m Quantification of trabecular bone volume and architecture in proximal tibiae by μCT (n = 4). h BV/TV bone volume/tissue volume ratio, i BS bone surface, j Tb.N trabecular number, k Tb.Sp trabecular separation, l Conn. D. connectivity density, m SMI structure model index. Error bars, SEM; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.005; ****p < 0.001; n.s. non-significant