Fig. 3

Antibiotic treatment of dams affects short-chain fatty acid levels in pups. Median concentrations of a acetate, b propionate and c butyrate in the caecum of 4-week-old pups. d Caecum weight and e caecal pH of dams 4 weeks after delivery (D4W) and pups at 4 (P4W) and 14 (P14W) weeks of age. f Faecal gross energy in samples from pups at 4 weeks (P4W). All panels show box-plots with whiskers indicating total range. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.001