Fig. 3

Transport and ATPase activity of BmrA mutants. a ATP-dependent transport of doxorubicin measured using inverted E. coli membrane vesicles. After addition of 10 µM doxorubicin (120 s), 2 mM of Mg²⁺ were added to initiate transport (indicated by black arrow). b Transport activities derived from initial rate fluorescence decays measured for BmrA wild-type and mutant forms, normalized to the rate measured in the wild-type form. c ATPase activity of BmrA wild-type and mutant forms purified and reconstituted in E. coli lipids with a lipid/protein ratio of 20. Each experiment was conducted three times and error bars indicate the standard deviation