Fig. 2

In vitro contraction of endothelialized engineered murine skeletal muscle. Engineered skeletal muscle (denoted as Eng Muscle) was formed by the fusion of myoblasts within randomly oriented or aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds for 9 days. Co-culture of myoblasts with endothelial cells on the scaffolds formed endothelialized engineered skeletal muscle (denoted as Endo Eng Muscle). a Colored vector plots show the magnitude and direction of representative electrically paced constructs after 9 days of culture. Shown below the colored vector plots are global movement (μm) as a function of time (s) and bright field images of engineered muscle. Scale bar denotes 500 μm. b Maximum contraction velocity (μm s^–1) and (c) percentage of contracting area for engineered skeletal muscle, with or without endothelialization, formed from randomly oriented or aligned scaffolds (n ≥ 5). For indicated comparisons: p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), p ≤ 0.001 (***), p ≤ 0.0001 (****). Error bars represent standard deviation. Arrow designates orientation of aligned nanofibrillar scaffold