Fig. 1

Phylogeny and diversity of LFY transcription factors in plants. The left panel depicts the LFY gene family phylogeny reconstructed under the Jones–Taylor–Thornton (JTT) + G + I substitutional model using IQ-TREE (Supplementary Data 4) and MrBayes (Supplementary Data 5). The supporting values were shown for branches in the following order: SH-aLRT test/bootstrap value/Bayesian posterior probabilities, “−“ denotes supporting values lower than 50%. The placement of two promiscuous LFY in Osmunda were presented as unresolved polytomy (labeled as orange square) because maximum-likelihood (sister to type I plus type II clade) and Bayesian inference (sister to hornwort promiscuous genes) methods generated different tree topologies. The right panel shows the sequence alignment results (Supplementary Data 3), focusing on the three critical amino acid sites (312, 345, and 387) which defined different types of LFY genes, and domain architecture of LFY were depicted at the bottom