Table 3 Comparisons of DTNIS at each seed‒seedling transition stage and the rodent density (individual/trap/night) among different fragment types using LMMs and GLMMs assuming binomial distribution of residuals (with residual deviance and df of residuals). P-values of all tests were shown and Bonferroni correction was used to evaluate the significance for all pair-wise tests

From: Distance-dependent seed‒seedling transition in the tree Castanopsis sclerophylla is altered by fragment size

Response variable

Fixed effect

Models

LR tests

T/Z-tests

   

df

LR (p-value)

Pair-wise comparisons (mean ± S.E.)

df

t/z-value (p-value)

DTNIS after dispersal (LN-transformed)

Fragment type

LMMs

3

20.07 (<0.001)***

Mainland vs. large island

9

0.11 (0.913)NS

     

Mainland vs. medium islands

11

−5.49 (<0.001)**

     

Mainland vs. small islands

9

1.30 (0.223)NS

     

Large island vs. medium islands

9

−4.15 (0.002)*

     

Large island vs. small islands

9

0.79 (0.449)NS

     

Medium islands vs. small islands

11

7.05 (<0.001)***

DTNIS over-winter (LN-transformed)

Fragment type

LMMs

3

19.27 (<0.001)***

Mainland vs. large island

7

0.42 (0.685)NS

     

Mainland vs. medium islands

11

−5.19 (<0.001)**

     

Mainland vs. small islands

9

1.29 (0.229)NS

     

Large island vs. medium islands

8

−4.38 (0.003)*

     

Large island vs. small islands

7

0.50 (0.636)NS

     

Medium islands vs. small islands

12

6.70 (<0.001)***

DTNIS seedling-emergence (LN-transformed)

Fragment type

LMMs

3

24.38 (<0.001)***

Mainland vs. large island

6

1.75 (0.128)NS

     

Mainland vs. medium islands

45

−6.73 (<0.001)***

     

Mainland vs. small islands

26

−0.75 (0.461)NS

     

Large island vs. medium islands

45

−7.79 (<0.001)***

     

Large island vs. small islands

26

−2.02 (0.053)NS

     

Medium islands vs. small islands

86

5.36 (<0.001)***

Rodent density

Fragment type

GLMMs (2893, 4581)

3

17.69 (<0.001)***

Mainland (0.070 ± 0.02) vs. large island (0.069 ± 0.01)

–

0.01 (0.992)NS

     

Mainland vs. medium islands (0.26 ± 0.02)

–

−5.01 (<0.001)***

     

Mainland vs. small islands (0.057 ± 0.01)

–

1.01 (0.313)NS

     

Large island vs. medium islands

–

−3.74 (<0.001)**

     

Large island vs. small islands

–

0.74 (0.459)NS

     

Medium islands vs. small islands

–

6.28 (<0.001)***

  1. NSNot significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
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