Fig. 1

Immunohistochemical localization of p16 in human lungs. p16 (red) and SPC (yellow) staining in a healthy non-smoker, healthy smoker, and b COPD human lungs. Arrowheads indicate co-localization of p16 and SPC (scale bar = 40 µm). c Percentage of p16 + (**p < 0.0001), d p16 + /SPC + (**p < 0.0001), and e SPC + cells in healthy and COPD lungs (*p = 0.0034). N = 3–11