Fig. 2

Isoflurane anesthesia decreases the spectral tuning selectivity of excitatory neurons. a Example FOV of excitatory neurons. b Example FOV of inhibitory neurons. Images are generated by projecting the image stacks along the Z axis with maximum intensity projection type. 30 μm depth below the dura. Scale bar: 25 μm. c The neuronal density (number of neurons per 160 × 160 μm²) of virus-infected neurons is higher in Vglut2-Cre than in VGAT-Cre mice. d The somatic area is larger in VGAT-Cre than in Vglut2-Cre mouse (n = 405 and 194 neurons from 15 FOVs of 15 mice for Vglut2-Cre and VGAT-Cre mice, respectively). Unpaired t test. Example frequency response area (FRA) of three excitatory neurons (e) and inhibitory neurons (g) when stimulated with pure tones (3–48 kHz, 0.2 octave per stimulus, 30, 50, and 70 dB). Maximum bandwidths (BWmax) of excitatory neurons (f) and inhibitory neurons (h) during isoflurane anesthesia (n = 79 and 28 neurons from 5 FOVs of 4 Vglut2-Cre and 5 FOVs of 4 VGAT-Cre mice, respectively), urethane anesthesia (n = 667 and 219 neurons from 36 FOVs of 13 Vglut2-Cre and 30 FOVs of 8 VGAT-Cre mice, respectively), and wakefulness (n = 510 and 113 neurons from 12 FOVs of 6 Vglut2-Cre and 8 FOVs of 6 VGAT-Cre mice, respectively). Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test. ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ns non-significant