Table 2 Association between wearable-derived sleep metrics and CVD risk markers

From: Digital phenotyping by consumer wearables identifies sleep-associated markers of cardiovascular disease risk and biological aging

 

Wearable-derived TST and SE

Marker

Model 1a

Model 2b

Wearable-derived TST

Wearable-derived SE

β (95% CI)

p

β (95% CI)

p

BMI

−5.683E-03

 (−1.111E-02 to −2.735E-04)

0.040

−1.089E-01

 (−2.127E-01 to −5.105E-03)

0.040

WC

1.100E-03

 (−1.499E-02 to 1.720E-02)

0.893

−4.103E-01

 (−7.169E-01 to −1.036E-01)

0.009

WHtR

−3.750E-05

 (−1.345E-04 to 5.952E-05)

0.449

−2.515E-03

 (−4.364E-03 to −6.665E-04)

0.008

RestingHR

−1.447E-02

 (−2.423E-02 to −4.721E-03)

0.004

−2.448E-02

 (−2.132E-01 to 1.643E-01)

0.800

SBP

−8.718E-03

 (−3.360E-02 to 1.616E-02)

0.493

−1.795E-01

 (−6.569E-01 to 2.978E-01)

0.461

DBP

−8.249E-03

 (−2.676E-02 to 1.026E-02)

0.383

−1.100E-02

 (−3.665E-01 to 3.445E-01)

0.952

TotalChol

−1.493E-03

 (−2.935E-03 to −5.190E-05)

0.043

4.961E-03

 (−2.282E-02 to 3.274E-02)

0.726

LDL

−1.304E-03

 (−2.624E-03 to 1.548E-05)

0.053

2.976E-03

 (−2.250E-02 to 2.845E-02)

0.819

HDL

−9.582E-05

 (−5.793E-04 to 3.877E-04)

0.670

9.446E-03

 (2.062E-04 to 1.869E-02)

0.046

TG

−2.046E-04

 (−1.231E-03 to 8.221E-04)

0.670

−8.832E-03

 (−2.852E-02 to 1.086E-02)

0.380

FBG

−2.354E-04

 (−1.165E-03 to 6.937E-04)

0.620

−2.399E-03

 (−2.018E-02 to 1.538E-02)

0.792

BFP

−1.015E-02

 (−2.116E-02 to 8.620E-04)

0.071

−1.729E-01

 (−3.836E-01 to 3.777E-02)

0.108

SMP

6.464E-03

 (-1.530E-04 to 1.308E-02)

0.056

1.030E-01

 (−2.366E-02 to 2.297E-01)

0.112

  1. Model 1 = TST only, Model 2 = SE only, Model 3 = TST + SE. All models include age and gender as covariates. p-values in bold are statistically significant (p < 0.05)
  2. BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHtR waist-to-height ration, BFP body fat percentage, SMP skeletal muscle percentage, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, TotalChol  total cholesterol, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, TG triglycerides, TST total sleep time, SE sleep efficiency and FBG fasting blood glucose.
  3. aMarker~Age + Gender + Ethnicity + AverageDailyTotalSteps + Wearable-derived TST
  4. bMarker~Age + Gender + Ethnicity + AverageDailyTotalSteps + Wearable-derived SE
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