Fig. 4

Relationships between CEP and cognition. a Positive association between CEP and global cognition (n = 60; F1,55 = 6.76, p = 0.01, R²β* = 0.11). b Domain-specific positive association between CEP and performance to tasks probing executive functions (n = 60; F1,55 = 8.47, p = 0.005, R²β* = 0.13). c No significant association between CEP and memory performance (n = 60; F1,55 = 0.39, p = 0.54). d No significant association between CEP and attentional performance (n = 60; F1,55 = 2.44, p = 0.12). Simple regressions were used only for a visual display and do not substitute the GLMM outputs. Dotted lines represent 95% confidence interval of these simple regressions.