Fig. 4: Higher levels of autocorrelation and less immobility events are observed in subordinate individuals in comparison to dominant and neutral birds 48 h after being placed in the novel social environment.

a–c show mean (dark black lines) ± SEM (gray lines) responses in females and d–f in males 48 h after being placed in the novel social environment. Raw data are shown in open circles. According to pecking behavior, birds were classified as Dominant (D), Subordinate (S) or belonging to a neutral (N) group. The dominant male was excluded from statistical analysis given there was only one representative from this group. In females, the sample size used was six dominants, 10 neutrals and five subordinates, while in males one dominant (not included in statistical analysis), five neutrals, and five subordinate. *differ at P < 0.05 from dominant and neutral individuals in females (b, c) and from neutrals in males (e, f).