Table 1 Prior distribution used to calibrate node ages in BEAUTI for the Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa and multiplex.

Tree/clade/root	Distribution	Parameters^a	Reference
Xf subsp. fastidiosa
Clade Majorca	Lognormal	offset = 20 (1998); µ = 5 (1998–1993); SE = 2.0	This study
Tree root	Lognormal	offset = 126 (1892); µ = 10; SE = 3.0	Pierce⁵⁵
Xf subsp. multiplex
Clade (Majorca(Men))	Lognormal	offset = 18 (2000); µ = 7 (2000–1993); SE = 3.0	This study
Clade Alicante^b	Normal	µ = 20; SE = 4.0	This study
Clade Corsica^c	Normal	µ = 25; (2001 + 1985)/2 = 1993; SE = 4.0	Soubeyrand, et al.⁵⁴
Clade California^d	Lognormal	offset = 7(2011), µ = 16; SE = 4.0	Supplementary Data 6^e
Tree root	Normal	offset = 23 (1995), µ = 10; SE = 4.0.	Supplementary Data 6^e

^aTime 0 is defined as 2018 (calendar year); µ = mean of the distribution; SE are increased according to the uncertainty of the clade prior.
^bTo the best of our knowledge, no problems of almond mortality had been reported before 2017 in Alicante; we therefore assumed a similar survival time for almonds as in Majorca and used a relaxed distribution to accommodate uncertainty in the prior.
^cStrain CFBP8416 from Corsica was included in the California clade because no other isolate was available of ST7 in Corsica. We used the two introduction scenarios proposed by Soubeyrand et al.⁵⁴ to estimate µ.
^dStrain Dixon was included in the Corsica clade as it was genetically very close to isolates CFBP8417 and CFBP8418.
^eThe time of the youngest tip date of the isolate within the clade was used to define the offset; µ is calculated as the time between the offset and the time of the oldest isolate within the clade.

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