Fig. 1: Overview of the droplet experiments employed in this study.

In this study, we extracted cells from the B-cell lineage from immunized mice, and encapsulated these cells either with a bioassay that allows to measure antibody secretion and the total frequency of IgG- and IgM-SCs (beadline assay, regardless of recognized antigen, top), or a bioassay to specifically measure anti-bacterial antibodies (bactoline assay, bottom). Individual cells are encapsulated with the respective assays, the droplets mapped in two-dimensions and antibody secretion and binding is measured over time. The single-cell and single-antibody data from both assays is combined afterwards, allowing to measure frequencies of total and specific IgG/IgM-SCs, individual secretion rates, and finally to estimate affinities and epitope densities.