Table 1 Insect damage types on fossil and extant Agathis.
From: Persistent biotic interactions of a Gondwanan conifer from Cretaceous Patagonia to modern Malesia
Insect damage | DT | Lef | PL2 | LH | RP | Extant Agathis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hole feeding | ||||||
Circular, <1 mm diam. | 1 | X | X | X | X | |
Circular, 1–5 mm diam. | 2 | X | X | |||
Parallel sided slots | 8 | X | X | |||
Margin feeding | ||||||
Arcuate excision | 12 | X | X | X | X | X |
Skeletonization | ||||||
Interveinal tissue removed, reaction rim | 17 | X | ||||
Surface feeding | ||||||
Surface abrasion, weak reaction rim | 29 | X | X | X | X | |
Polylobate abrasion, strong reaction rim | 30 | X | X | |||
Piercing and sucking | ||||||
Circular punctures, <2 mm diam. | 46 | X | X | X | X | |
Scale cover, concentric growth rings | 86 | X | X | X | X | |
Oviposition | ||||||
Ovoidal scar, prominent reaction rim | 101 | X | ||||
Mining | ||||||
Elongate-ellipsoidal blotch | 88 | X | X | X | X | X |
Serpentine mine, follows parallel veins | 139 | X | ||||
Linear blotch, breached epidermal tissue | 251 | X | X | X | ||
Galling | ||||||
Unhardened central chamber, thickened outer rim | 11 | X | X | |||
Nondiagnostic, dark, circular | 32 | X | X | X | ||
Epidermal center, hardened outer walls | 115 | X | X | |||
Columnar gall | 116 | X | ||||
Pathogen | ||||||
Circular epiphyllous rust fungus with somewhat concentric aecia | 66 | X | X | |||
