Fig. 5: Depletion of TgPIS impairs the cell division in tachyzoites.

a Immunostaining of the budding daughter cells (endodyogeny) in the TgPIS-mAID-3xHA strain precultured without or with auxin. Intracellularly-developing tachyzoites were treated with 500 μM IAA or with 0.1% ethanol (-IAA), as schematized. Samples were stained with α-HA (green) to monitor the downregulation of TgPIS, and with α-TgIMC3 (red) to visualize the endogeny. Shown are the representative images of TgPIS-mAID-3xHA mutant. b Quantification of tachyzoites harboring the progeny. A total of 400–500 vacuoles with IMC3-positive daughter cells were scored for each condition (n = 3 assays). c Proliferation rate of the TgPIS-mAID-3xHA mutant with respect to its parental strain. Parasites were precultured with 500 µM IAA ( + IAA) or 0.1% ethanol (-IAA) for 48 h and subjected to the replication assay (40 h infection). Graphs show the mean percentage of vacuoles containing specified number of parasites. A total of 400–500 vacuoles for each condition were scored (n = 3 assays, mean ± S.E; *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001).