Fig. 5: Determination of the efficiency of transient transformation.

a Investigation of the efficiency of transient transformation by GUS staining. The Arabidopsis plants were transiently transformed with pCAMBIA1301. After transformation for 72 h, GUS staining was performed. b Determination of the expression of AtCAT3 gene in the plants transformed with pBI121-ProCAT3:CAT3-GUS. WT: wild-type plants:CAT3p::CAT3:transient transformed plants.The primers for amplification of AtCAT3 were used in quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, and the AtActin3 was used as the internal control. Three replicates (sample size of 50 seedlings) were performed (n = 3 independent experiments). Error bar indicates standard deviations of the mean measurements. Asterisks indicate highly significant difference between two samples (***P < 0.001, t-test).