Fig. 6: Engineering herbicide resistance in rice.

a Confirmation of the presence of the herbicide resistance allele in regenerated rice plants. Genomic DNA was extracted from individual regenerated plants, and the target-flanked PCR-amplified fragment was subjected to MfeI digestion. MfeI digestion confirmed a high rate of successful editing in the plants regenerated from calli bombarded with repair templates containing the RB sequence and Cas9-VirD2 or VirD2-Cas9. b, c Alignment of the Sanger sequencing reads and representative chromatograms of the plants that had been confirmed by MfeI digestion. The PCR-amplified fragments from the individual plants were cloned into the pJet2.1 plasmid and subjected to Sanger sequencing. The repair-specific nucleotide modifications are shown in blue, and their exact locations are indicated by arrowheads (red). A representative chromatogram also shows the exact repair at the targeted locus.