Fig. 4: Neuronal cell death caused by Aβ42 oligomers is mediated by initiating TLR4 signalling by glial cells. | Communications Biology

Fig. 4: Neuronal cell death caused by Aβ42 oligomers is mediated by initiating TLR4 signalling by glial cells.

From: Beta amyloid aggregates induce sensitised TLR4 signalling causing long-term potentiation deficit and rat neuronal cell death

Fig. 4

Cell death assay was performed using Sytox green on a live-cell imaging platform. a TLR4 inhibitors (0.1 µg/ml RSA, 1 µM TAK242) did not prevent Aβ42 oligomer-induced cell death in pure neuronal culture (5 nM oligomer and 1 µM total monomer). b, c Oligomer-induced astrocyte cell death was protected by TLR4 inhibitors. d, e Composition of the co-culture assessed using MAP2 (neuronal marker) and GFAP (astrocytic marker) immunocytochemistry together with representative images of a neuronal, astrocyte and co-culture. 97 ± 1.6% are MAP2-positive cells in neuronal prep, 92.2 ± 0.1% are GFAP-positive cells in astrocytic prep. 55.3 ± 7.1% MAP2 (+) and 44.1 ± 1.3% GFAP (+) are found in co-culture prep. The proportion of CD11b-positive cells is 3.8 ± 0.4% and 1.3 ± 0.5% in the astrocytic and co-culture preparations, respectively. (n = 5–6 from two independent experiments, mean ± sem).

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