Fig. 3: The distribution and characteristics of pleiotropic variants prioritised by the EDME model in combination with the weighted multi-trait p value.

a Scatter plot for the relationship between the variant Π value and the conventional FDR based on the weighted multi-trait meta-analysis p value. b Distribution of the estimated and observed number of true effects on traits for each variant. The estimated number (#) of true effects per variant is based on Eq. 5, and the observed number of true effects for each variant is based on the prioritised trait by variant combinations using Eq. 8. c Boxplots of averaged effect size (absolute weighted t value of bulls and cows, b/se) across 34 CT traits for each one of the categories of variants with a varied number of traits truly affected. d Boxplots of standard deviation (SD) of effect size across 34 CT traits for each one of the categories of variants with a varied number of traits truly affected.