Fig. 7: Carbon use of heterogeneous population, CS and CS relative to non-heterogeneous population \({{{\boldsymbol{C}}}}_{{{\boldsymbol{S}}}}^{{{\boldsymbol{0}}}}\) plotted for multiple parameters.

a CS for various fN and EN. b \(C_S/C_S^0\) for various fN and EN. c CS for various μ and fN. d \(C_S/C_S^0\) for various μ and fN. In b and d, dashed lines in cyan indicates optimum fN, which gives lowest \(C_S/C_S^0\) for EN and μ, respectively. Dotted lines indicate where \(C_S/C_S^0 = 1\) (note that \(C_S/C_S^0\) is always 1 at fN = 1). Gray zones indicates where N2 fixing capacity cannot sustain the population. fN = 0.5, EN = 0.2, and μ = 0.2 (d−1) unless they are variable on the axes. Temperature T = 26 °C and O2 concentration in the environment [O2] = 208 µM, representing saturated concentration at this temperature and salinity of 35 ppt (ref. 81).