Fig. 4: Paternal restraint stress enhances rotenone sensitivity.

a Schematic diagram of mitochondrial energy transduction. Rotenone, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), reduces ATP levels and triggers fly lethality. Survival curves following rotenone treatment (5 mM) for adult males derived from w¹¹¹⁸ (b) (n = 32 each; p < 0.001, log-rank [Mantel–Cox] test) and dATF-2^KO (c) (n = 32 each; p = 0.263, log-rank [Mantel–Cox] test) fathers with/without paternal restraint stress.