Fig. 6: Modeling GrC and MF-GrC richness of properties.

a Schematic representation of GrC morphology (not to scale). The spike shape matches experiments. The ionic channels type and distribution are reported in Supplemental Material. b An example of model trace obtained using a current injection of 10 pA. The optimization is run over the first 500 ms of discharge of a GrC yielding a family of solutions with maximum conductances falling within the physiological range of maximum conductance values. At later times (1500–2000 ms), the discharge patterns diverge into non-adapting, mild-adapting, and strong-adapting solutions. Coupling of the Ca²⁺/Calmoldulin/TRPM4 mechanism to the model yields accelerating GrCs. c Voltage responses of GrC models to activation of the MF-GrC synapse (two synapses, 1 s continuous stimulation at 20 followed by 250 ms at 100 Hz) from the holding potential of –65 mV. The p-values are: strong-adapting GrC (p = 0.1), mild-adapting, non-adapting, and accelerating GrC (p = 0.5). The synaptic frequency change SFC vs. stimulus frequency show a positive peak in the accelerating GrC model at 20 Hz background stimulation, while negative SFC values prevailed in the other GrC models. The Signal-to-noise ratio, (S/N = fresp@100 Hz/fresp@20 Hz) is much higher in strong-adapting GrC than in the others. Color codes as in Fig. 3.