Fig. 3: Neonicotinoid residues in ants.
From: Long-term effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on ants
Comparison of the residue concentration per gram dry mass of thiamethoxam (a) and clothianidin (b) found in ants (white boxplots = workers, grey boxplots = queens) for the two thiamethoxam treatments (low = 4.5 μg/L, high = 30 μg/L; each N = 8). c The concentration ratio of clothianidin/thiamethoxam for all samples positive for both clothianidin and thiamethoxam (queens N = 7, workers N = 16). Boxplots are shown with the inter-quartile-ranges (box), medians (black line in box) and outliers (dots). Bold letters (a, b) indicate significant differences (p < 0.05, linear mixed effect modelling with post hoc Tukey correction).
