Fig. 3: In vitro experiments with CSPM@CpG.

a The viabilities of 4T1 cells incubated with different concentrations CSPM@CpG (from 10 to 1000 μg mL⁻¹) for 24 h. b CLSM images of 4T1 cells incubated with CSPM@CpG for different time periods. c In vitro PDT treatment of 4T1 cells by CSP or CSPM@CpG with or without addition of H₂O₂ under 650 nm light irradiation in O₂ or N₂ atmospheres. d Detection of intracellular ROS in 4T1 cells incubated with CSP and CSPM@CpG upon the addition of H₂O₂ under 650 nm irradiation in N₂ atmospheres. Scale bar: 100 μm. Data are presented as means ± standard deviation (s.d.; n = 3). p values **<0.01, ***<0.001.