Table 1 Demographic and cognitive data for the cross-sectional study population.

From: β-amyloid and tau drive early Alzheimer’s disease decline while glucose hypometabolism drives late decline

 

CU

LMCI

AD

χ2-approx

ε2

P-value

Subject characteristics

   

 n

148

147

110

   

 Age (years)

73.43 ± 6.29

71.98 ± 7.42

74.46 ± 8.39

7.207

0.0178

0.0272*

 Gender (% Male)

51%

54%

60%

2.236

0.00554

0.3268

 Education (years)

16.63 ± 2.53

16.70 ± 2.45

15.61 ± 2.55

13.395

0.0332

0.0012*

 APOE ε4 carriers (%)

27%

57%

69%

53.653

0.133

<0.0001*

 Ethnicity (% Hispanic)

5.4%

1.4%

3.6%

3.673

0.00909

0.1594

 Race (% White)

89%

95%

92%

2.799

0.00693

0.2467

 (% Black)

7%

3%

4%

   

 (% Asian)

2%

1%

4%

   

Cognitive data

   

 MMSE

29.06 ± 1.14

27.61 ± 1.82

23.14 ± 2.03

246.414

0.61

<0.0001*

 CDRSB

0.03 ± 0.13

1.71 ± 1.00

4.60 ± 1.61

351.755

0.871

<0.0001*

 ADAS-cog 13

9.08 ± 4.58

18.57 ± 7.08

30.16 ± 9.70

239.827

0.594

<0.0001*

 ADNI_MEM

1.06 ± 0.63

−0.03 ± 0.66

−0.89 ± 0.54

266.260

0.63

<0.0001*

 ADNI_EF

0.94 ± 0.81

0.16 ± 0.85

−0.83 ± 0.93

161.477

0.388

<0.0001*

  1. Values are displayed as the mean ± SD. The χ2-approx test statistic is calculated from a Kruskal–Wallis test comparing the groups CU, LMCI, and AD. ε2 is the effect size calculated from a Kruskal–Wallis test. Asterisk (*) next to P-value indicates statistical significance. DF = 2 for all comparisons.
  2. CU, cognitively unimpaired; LMCI, late mild cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; CDRSB, clinical dementia rating sum of boxes; ADAS-cog, Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale; ADNI_MEM, composite memory score; ADNI_EF, composite executive functioning score.
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