Fig. 2: Genes differentially regulated in SARS-CoV-2-infected macaques represent pathways characteristic of neutrophil degranulation, IFN signaling, collagen degradation and TFG-β signaling.

The top 20 most significantly a upregulated genes and b downregulated genes in SARS-CoV-2-infected macaque lungs. Expression values are visualized by Z scores of normalized expression data (FPKM) per sample, and Log2 Fold Change and -Log P values are from the DESeq2 output. Genes are sorted by P value. c Gene expression plot showing the relative normalized gene expression levels (FPKM) for each gene, with “neutrophil degranulation” (R-HSA-6798695) pathway genes highlighted, including those that were significantly upregulated during COVID-19 (blue) and those that were not (orange). d Multilabel confocal immunofluorescence microscopy of FFPE lung sections from SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques with SARS-CoV-2 Spike specific antibody (green), neutrophil marker CD66abce (red), and DAPI (blue) at 63X magnification.