Fig. 8: VEGF and peripheral neutrophil counts are higher in old COVID-19 patients.

Peripheral blood samples were obtained from a cohort of patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at hospital admission. Levels of different immune markers were determined by Luminex assay in plasma samples from COVID-19 and healthy volunteer controls. COVID-19 patients were stratified by age as younger than or older than 60 years. a Levels of IFN-γ and b levels of VEGF proteins were measured in plasma of COVID-19 and healthy controls. c Peripheral neutrophil counts and d neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values were retrieved from the medical records of COVID-19 patients and compared between age groups. Each point in the figure corresponds to an independent biological sample for each group. Mean ± SD for each group is shown in the figure. Statistical significance was verified by one-way anova: P = *(<0.05), **(<0.01) with Tukey’s correction (a and b) or by Student’s t-test: P = *(<0.05), **(<0.01) (c and d).