Table 1 . Locomotion permutation test and pairwise comparisons performed on the Phylogenetic Quotient (PEQ) and brain regions in Sciuroidea.

From: The impact of locomotion on the brain evolution of squirrels and close relatives

 

PEQ

Petrosal lobules

Permutation test

χ² = 17.166, df = 4, p < 0.002

χ² = 17.39, df = 4, p < 0.002

Pairwise comparisons

Stat

p.value

p.adjust

Stat

p.value

p.adjust

Arboreal - Fossorial

3.143

0.002

0.017

3.163

0.002

0.016

Arboreal - Glider

0.746

0.456

0.506

2.603

0.009

0.042

Arboreal - Scansorial

2.319

0.020

0.051

1.873

0.061

0.100

Arboreal - Terrestrial

2.065

0.039

0.078

1.935

0.053

0.100

Fossorial - Glider

-2.721

0.007

0.033

-1.812

0.070

0.100

Fossorial - Scansorial

-2.414

0.016

0.051

-2.498

0.012

0.042

Fossorial - Terrestrial

-1.987

0.047

0.078

-1.953

0.051

0.100

Glider - Scansorial

1.650

0.099

0.141

-1.474

0.141

0.176

Glider - Terrestrial

1.459

0.145

0.181

-0.836

0.403

0.448

Scansorial - Terrestrial

0.106

0.916

0.916

0.457

0.647

0.647

 

Neocortex

Olfactory bulbs

Permutation test

χ² = 19.879, df = 4, p < 0.001

χ² = 11.424, df = 4, p < 0.022

Pairwise comparisons

Stat

p.value

p.adjust

Stat

p.value

p.adjust

Arboreal - Fossorial

3.569

0.000

0.003

-2.416

0.016

0.112

Arboreal - Glider

-0.519

0.604

0.671

0.479

0.632

0.632

Arboreal - Scansorial

2.045

0.041

0.101

-2.014

0.044

0.112

Arboreal - Terrestrial

0.081

0.935

0.935

-1.296

0.195

0.278

Fossorial - Glider

-3.441

0.001

0.003

2.284

0.022

0.112

Fossorial - Scansorial

-1.217

0.223

0.319

0.773

0.439

0.488

Fossorial - Terrestrial

-3.242

0.001

0.004

1.403

0.161

0.268

Glider - Scansorial

1.956

0.050

0.101

-2.007

0.045

0.112

Glider - Terrestrial

1.014

0.311

0.389

-1.490

0.136

0.268

Scansorial - Terrestrial

-1.678

0.093

0.156

0.822

0.411

0.488

  1. Abbreviation: df, degrees of freedom; Stat, statistics.
  2. Significant p-values are highlighted in bold.