Fig. 3: Delay of liver regeneration under inhibition of the portal flow increment.

a Schematic of bypass surgery. The portal vein was connected to the inferior vena cava and constricted using a plastic cuff to restrict the portal flow into the liver. Following this treatment, the left and median lobes of the liver were removed. b Photograph of the bypass technique (arrow: plastic cuff, arrowhead: bypass vessel). c Blood flow rate of the regenerating liver in the early regeneration phase and whole regeneration period (white circle: the group with ordinary partial hepatectomy without bypass treatment, black circle: the group with partial hepatectomy with bypass treatment. The white square represents the value before PH). n = 11, 6, 6, 6, 8, 14, 11, 11, 11 for 0, 1, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192, 336 h. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. d Recovery of liver weight during liver regeneration (white circle: the group with ordinary partial hepatectomy without bypass treatment, black circle: the group with partial hepatectomy with bypass treatment). n = 4, 3, 5, 4, 4, 4 for 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 days after treatment in shunt group and n = 4, 4, 3, 4, 3, 4 for 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 days after treatment in hepatectomized group. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. e Brd-U incorporation into the regenerating liver (green: Brd-U-positive cells, blue: nucleus. Scale bar, 100 μm). f Serum TGFβ1 level of partially hepatectomized rats with or without bypass construction (n = 3 for each timepoint.). Data are presented as the mean ± SD.