Fig. 2: Ginsenoside analogues’ combination achieved stronger immunomodulatory activity in vitro than individual ginsenosides alone at the same dosages. | Communications Biology

Fig. 2: Ginsenoside analogues’ combination achieved stronger immunomodulatory activity in vitro than individual ginsenosides alone at the same dosages.

From: Structural analogues in herbal medicine ginseng hit a shared target to achieve cumulative bioactivity

Fig. 2

a Cell proliferation (n = 6), b, c, g cell cycle, d, h cell migration, e, i cell invasion, f, j cell pyroptosis, k qRT-PCR assay for mRNA expressions and l ELISA for levels of pro-inflammatory (iNOS, IL-1β and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines (b–l, n = 3). Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Compared with Mod, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; compared with Com, #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001.

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