Fig. 6: Overexpression of NLRP3 counteracted the immunomodulatory activity of the combination in LPS/ATP-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.

a Cell proliferation (n = 6), b, c, g cell cycle (n = 6), d, h cell migration, e, i cell pyroptosis, f, j cell apoptosis, k immunostaining assay for activated NLRP3. l, mWestern blot assay for determining protein expressions of NLRP3, NEK7, ASC, caspase-1, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, cleaved IL-1β and IL-18 in cells lysates (GAPDH was measured as the loading control). n ELISA for the levels of pro-inflammatory (iNOS, TNF-α and IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines in cell supernatants (d–n, n = 3). All data are expressed as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; ns represents no significant difference.