Fig. 9: TGF-β1 utilize membrane TβRII and SDR domain of WWOX to regulate cell invasion.

a, b Stable transfectants of MDA-MB-231-EGFP and L929-DsRed2 were established. These cells were seeded in either side of the chambers of the culture-insert (ibidi), respectively. After overnight culture, the insert was gently removed. The cells were cultured at 37 °C with 5% CO₂ for 4 days. Image J software was used to count MDA-MB-231 cells invading into the L929 cell mass. Repl antiserum and TGFβ1 treatments significantly increased the number of invasive MDA-MB-231 cells. Non-immune serum treatment had no effect. (mean ± standard deviation; n = 4; Student’s t test). c, d Transwell assay was performed to determine the regulation of TGF-β1 and repl in cancer cell invasion. The experimental procedure is illustrated (see Supplementary Fig. 7). The invasive cells were stained with staining solution and performed with microscopy (Magnification 100X) (c). Parental MDA-MB-231, which were cocultured with cells-expressing SDR in apical chamber, had an increased invasive activity (d). Both repl antibody and TGFβ1 treatment in lower well also increased the number of invasive MDA-MB-231 cells (d). The 200X magnification was shown. (mean ± standard deviation; n = 5; Student’s t test).