Fig. 1: Influenza virus infection reprograms lipid metabolism in lung CD4⁺ T cells.

a Ontology analysis of RNA-sequencing was performed in IFNβ treated Th1 cells as compared to control Th1 cells by using DAVID software (1.5-fold decrease). FDR values are on −log 10 value. (control, n = 2; IFNβ, n = 2 biologically independent sample). b Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) reveals the downregulation of the fatty acid biosynthesis genes in Th1 cells treated with IFNβ. Genes are ranked into an ordered list on the basis of fold change in control and IFNβ treated Th1 cells. (Control, n = 2; IFNβ, n = 2 biologically independent sample). c A heat map depicts the gene relevant to (b). d qRT-PCR analyses of the relative expression of genes relevant to lipid metabolism in mouse Th1 cells with or without IFNβ treatment. Relative expression (normalized to 18S) with SD is shown. e Cell surface staining of CD317 on lung CD4⁺ T cells derived from control or X31 infected mice are shown. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD317 are indicated (Control, n = 3; Infection (+), n = 4 biologically independent sample). f qRT-PCR analyses of the relative expression of fatty acid synthesis genes in lung CD4⁺ T cell derived from control or X31 infected mice. Relative expression (normalized to 18S) with SD is shown. Each dot showed averaged expression of genes in single sample (Control, n = 3; Infection (+), n = 4 biologically independent sample). g qRT-PCR analyses of the relative expression of genes relevant to lipid metabolism in human Th1 cells with or without IFNβ. Relative expression (normalized to 18S) with SD is shown. Two biological replicates were performed for RNA-sequencing analysis (a–c). More than two independent experiments were performed and showed similar results (e, f = 2; d, g = 3). Three technical replicates were performed with quantitative RT-PCR and relative expression (normalized to 18S) with SD is shown (d, f, g).