Fig. 5: Antibiofilm properties of CHX PR4+ polymer NPs against mature biofilms (48-h old). | Communications Biology

Fig. 5: Antibiofilm properties of CHX PR4+ polymer NPs against mature biofilms (48-h old).

From: Function-adaptive clustered nanoparticles reverse Streptococcus mutans dental biofilm and maintain microbiota balance

Fig. 5

Biofilm a dispersion and b the corresponding plate digital photographs of the wells; the top-most well is the control with the colors on the top representing sample ID, the wedge gradient indicates decreasing concentrations. Here, two-way ANOVA was performed, and p values < 0.1, and 0.01 are indicated by * and **, respectively. Biofilm and EPS inhibition for biofilms grown on human tooth c control (water-treated) and d NP-treated samples. The images were acquired at the same magnification; e few surviving bacteria in the treated sample and f the attachment of the NPs to the bacteria are represented in the higher magnification and pointed by arrows; g the colony count assay from experiment (g), n = 3, ordinary one-way ANOVA, p value < 0.01 is indicated with **, biofilm h dispersion and i inhibition as measured by the fluorescent resazurin assay. Error bar represents mean ± SD.

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