Fig. 7: The in vivo efficacy of the NPs in a rat model of the dental biofilm. | Communications Biology

Fig. 7: The in vivo efficacy of the NPs in a rat model of the dental biofilm.

From: Function-adaptive clustered nanoparticles reverse Streptococcus mutans dental biofilm and maintain microbiota balance

Fig. 7

a Timeline of the in vivo animal treatment, the treatments (water, CHX, and CHX PR4+ polymer NPs) are represented in the centrifuge tubes; the dental hygiene in the animal model b before treatment and c after treatment with NPs; d the outcomes of the in vivo S. mutans detection kit; the results were positive for the water-treated group and negative for CHX- and CHX PR4+ polymer NP-treated groups; e the cultivable bacteria collected from the harvested animals’ teeth. Bacitracin-modified mitis salivarius agar plates, which can specifically grow S. mutans, have been employed here. f The collective results from the plate count assay of the cultivable bacteria after obtaining their jaws (n = 3 biological replicates); ordinary one-way ANOVA, p value < 0.1 and 0.001 are indicated by * and ***, respectively. Error bar represents mean ± SD. g H&E histological analyses of gingiva for (i) control, (ii) CHX, and (iii) CHX PR4+ polymer NP groups. The scale bars are all indicating 100 nm.

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