Fig. 1: Cell death assay by flow cytometry with annexin V/propidium iodide co-staining.

Macrophages were incubated in serum-free medium with or without 100 µg/ml COM crystals for 16, 24, and 48 h. The cells were then collected and co-stained with annexin V and propidium iodide followed by flow cytometric analysis. a Scatter plots showing fluorescence signal of FITC-conjugated annexin V (X-axis) and propidium iodide (Y-axis). b Quantitative analysis of cell death calculated by using Formula 1. The data were obtained from three independent experiments using different biological replicates and the bars indicate mean ± SEM (all the source data are presented in Supplementary Data 1). Red-dashed rectangle indicates the optimal time-point that was chosen for all subsequent experiments.