Fig. 5: Metastasis of PC-3-luc cells from the primary prostate tumor to the hTEBC, murine bones, and organs.

a Overview of the different levels of humanization within the in vivo model. The prostate was humanized by co-injection of PC-3-luc, BVECs, and CAFs into the murine prostate. The back of the mice received humanized bone constructs with scaffolds seeded or unseeded with hOBs. The murine bones and organs, in addition to the hTEBCs were analyzed for PC-3-luc metastases. b Representative ex vivo bioluminescent images (BLI) of the hTEBCs with PC-3-luc PCa metastases and c quantification of the BLI data from PC-3-luc cells which had metastasized from the primary prostate tumor to all hTEBC (data from hOB seeded and unseeded hTEBC combined, n = 10 hTEBC from five mice with two scaffolds each). d Quantified BLI data were grouped based on metastasis of PC-3-luc cells to the hOB-seeded scaffold (left-back only; n = 5 hTEBCs from five mice), or e the unseeded scaffold (right-back only; n = 5 hTEBCs from five mice). f PCa metastases were present in murine organs and bones as indicated by ex vivo BLI. g No significant differences in metastasis from the humanized or non-humanized prostate tumors to the murine bones; spine, forelimbs, or hindlimbs. h No significant differences in metastasis to the murine organs; lungs, liver, gastrointestinal tract, spleen, or kidneys. Data are represented as box plots depicting the median, first and third quartile, minimum and maximum, and are overlaid with individual data points. All hTEBC, lung, and spleen BLI data were normally distributed and analyzed using an unpaired t-test. The hOB seeded and unseeded hTEBC, spine, forelimb, hindlimb, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney BLI data were not normally distributed and were analyzed using a Mann−Whitney test. The mouse schematic image was sourced from Wikimedia Commons⁵².