Table 2 Mechanical moduli of human urological tissues.
From: Causal contributors to tissue stiffness and clinical relevance in urology
Tissue | Technique | Modulus | Modulus value (condition) | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Kidney | ||||
|  | SWE | YM | 4.31 kPa (healthy) | |
|  | RTE |  | 75.1 ± 37.8 (non-CKD) 72.9 ± 37.6 (CKD stage 3a) 59.3 ± 40.3 (CKD stage 3b) 48.3 ± 33.8 (CKD stage 4) 36.6 ± 33.0 (CKD stage 5) | |
|  | MRE | YM | 4.35 kPa (normal functioning kidneys) 4.86 kPa (cutoff value) 5.10 kPa (CKD patients) | |
|  | MRE | YM -Cortico-medullary YM -Cortical | 3.24 kPa (functional allografts) 3.73 kPa (chronic dysfunction allografts) 3.29 kPa (no progressive decline) 4.82 kPa (graft loss/relist) 2.43 kPa (functional allografts) 2.84 kPa (chronic dysfunction allografts) 2.48 kPa (no progressive decline) 3.67 kPa (graft loss/relist) | |
|  | MRE | SWS | 1.86 m/s (IgA neprophaty) 2.05 m/s (cutoff value) 2.34 m/s (healthy) | |
Prostate | ||||
|  | SWE | YM | 42 kPa (cutoff value healthy) | |
|  | SWE | YM | 144.85 kPa (cutoff value for recurrence after radical prostatectomy) | |
|  | SWE | YM | 31.79 ± 16.17 kPa (benign) 114.96 ± 85.25 kPa (malignant) | |
|  | SWE | YM | 95 ± 28.5 kPa (Gleason score 6) 163 ± 63 kPa (Gleason score 7) | |
|  | SWE | YM | 91.6 kPa (Gleason score 6) 102.3 kPa (Gleason score 7) 131.8 kPa (Gleason score 8) | |
|  | SWE | YM | 32.7 ± 19.4 kPa (Gleason score 6) 55.4 ± 48.5 kPa (Gleason score 7) 57.3 ± 39.4 kPa (Gleason score 8) 88.2 ± 64.2 kPa (Gleason score 9) | |
|  | MRI with tomoelastograhy | SWS | 2.8 ± 0.4 m/s (peripheral zone) 2.8 ± 0.3 m/s (transition zone) 3.1 ± 0.6 m/s (PCa) | |
Bladder | ||||
|  | Rheology | Storage modulus Loss modulus | 0.052–0.085 Mpa (healthy) 0.019–0.043 Mpa (healthy) | |
Testis | ||||
|  | SWE | Velocity stiffness | 0.76 m/s (normal) 0.79 m/s (testicular microlithiasis) 1.92 m/s (testicular cancer) | |
|  | SWE MRI | Velocity stiffness Diffusion values | 0.77 m/s (normal) 0.78 m/s (testicular microlithiasis) 1.95 m/s (testicular cancer) 0.929 × 10−3 mm2 s−1 (normal) 0.978 × 10−3 mm2 s−1 (testicular microlithiasis) 0.743 × 10−3 mm2 s−1 (testicular cancer) | |
|  | SWE | YM | 4.5 kPa (cutoff value for semen parameters improvement after surgery) | |
|  | SWVV |  | 1.465 m/s (cutoff normal/oligozoospermia) 1.328 m/s (cutoff normal/azoospermia) | |
|  | SWE | YM | 2.50 ± 0.49 kPa (Varicocele grade I) 2.59 ± 0.81 kPa (Varicocele grade II) 2.80 ± 0.72 kPa (Varicocele grade III) | |
