Fig. 4: Associations to cortical morphology and gene expression patterns.

a Correlation of group-wise differences in surface (top) and diffusion (bottom) distances with cortical thickness, and comparison of empirical correlation with the null distribution obtained using 1000 spin permutation tests to account for spatial autocorrelation. b Developmental cortical enrichment, showing enrichment mainly in the cerebellum, cortex, and striatum (left), specifically in adolescence and young adulthood (right). In the left panel, the size of hexagon rings represents the proportion of genes specifically expressed in a particular tissue at a particular developmental stage. Varying stringencies for enrichment with respect to specificity index threshold (pSI) are represented by the size of hexagons going from least (outer hexagon) to most specific (center hexagon) (pSI = 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, and 0.0001, respectively)⁵⁹. Colors represent FDR-corrected p values. The right panel reports the log-transformed FDR-corrected p values, averaged across all brain structures. c Associations of gene expression in neuropsychiatric disorders, where log2(FC) stands for log2 fold-change of the genes in each disorder and the vertical axis indicates the significance of the relationship strength of the genes with idiosyncrasy in terms of surface distance (SD). Amy amygdala; Cbl cerebellum; Ctx cortex, Hip hippocampus, Str striatum, Thal thalamus.