Fig. 2: In-vitro and in-vivo competitive fitness assay.

Sanger sequencing chromatograms of spike gene fragments amplified from viral samples in the competition assay. a Cell cultures were infected with a 1:1 mixture of two variants, as indicated, at an MOI of 0.1. The supernatants were serially passaged three times in Calu-3 cells. 901 bp fragments containing residue 501 (boxed) were amplified from the vRNA of individual samples collected from each passage (P) and sequenced. HK-95 and HK-405 contain 501N, B.1.1.7 contains 501Y. Initial inoculum was stated as P0 and P1-P3 indicated number of passages. b Hamsters were inoculated with a mixture of 10 PFU of each of the two viruses (HK-405 and B.1.1.7). Nasal washes were collected daily for three consecutive days and the vRNA of individual samples collected and the inoculum were sequenced.