Fig. 3: Differentiation of 3D bioprinted Matrigel/skeletal muscle cell models. | Communications Biology

Fig. 3: Differentiation of 3D bioprinted Matrigel/skeletal muscle cell models.

From: Matrigel 3D bioprinting of contractile human skeletal muscle models recapitulating exercise and pharmacological responses

Fig. 3

a Marker gene expression analyses. Temporal expression profiles of myogenesis marker genes (Myf5, MyoD, Myog, Actn2, Myh1-3, Myh7&8) in differentiating 2D cultures of skeletal muscle precursor cells from a 17-year-old donor and in 3D bioprinted models with cells from a 17-year-old and a 19-year-old donor. Gene expression was determined by qPCR and normalized by 18 S, GAPDH, TBP and β2M housekeeping genes. Expressions were standardized by arbitrarily taking MyoD expression at day 0 as 1. Shown are the means of ≥ 2 independent experiments. b Histological analyses of tissue cultures of a 17-year-old donor. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy of Myosin heavy chain (Myh) expression in control 2D cultures of differentiation day 6 and 10 as indicated in the figure. Whole-mount confocal microscopy images of models differentiated for 6 and 10 days were immunostained for Myh, α-actinin and F-actin proteins as indicated in the figure. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar, 20 µm, except for F-actin, 200 µm (left image). Cross section microscopy images of models from a 40-year-old donor after 14, 19 and 31 days of differentiation were immunostained for Myh. Scale bar, 150 µm.

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