Fig. 4: Summary of the effects of male (population) origin on fitness-related traits in P. guentheri hatchlings, where orange arrows denote negative effects, blue arrows positive effects and grey arrows neutral effects.

Arrow directions indicate the mixing of sperm with eggs in populations A, B and C. As we did not obtain gravid females from population D, only crosses between populations A, B and C were reciprocal. The background image shows an example of a BB hatchling, and sperm images indicate different sperm morphology between A/B and C/D males.