Fig. 6: A schematic diagram of Dyrk2 loss in mice.

a Dyrk2-deficient mouse mimics congenital malformation phenotypes. Cr craniofacial malformations, H hair follicle anomalies, R/L radial/limb anomalies, V vertebral defects, I/A intestinal/anorectal malformations, Ca cardiac defects, TE tracheoesophageal malformations, Re renal malformations, L lung defects. b Epithelial-expressed Dyrk2 is required to form a subepithelial-to-distal expression gradient of Foxf1 by regulating Shh signaling. Loss of Dyrk2 leads to the reduction of Foxf1 expression in the subepithelial area via the Shh signaling.