Table 1 Congenital malformation phenotypes in Dyrk2−/− mice.

From: Mice lacking DYRK2 exhibit congenital malformations with lung hypoplasia and altered Foxf1 expression gradient

Craniofacial malformations (cleft palate, craniofacial abnormalities)

Hair follicle anomalies (arrested hair follicle phenotype)

Radial/Limb anomalies (shortened radial bone, hypoplasia, ectrodactyly, syndactyly, polydactyly)

Vertebral defects (lack of vertebral body, butterfly vertebrae)

Intestinal/Anorectal malformations (omphalocele phenotype, truncated gastrointestinal tract, cloaca, imperforate anus)

Cardiac defects (the left and right subclavian artery defects)

Tracheoesophageal malformations (esophageal and tracheal stenosis, smaller cartilaginous rings)

Renal malformations (hypoplasia, aberrant patterning of renal medullary collecting ducts, lobe folds)

Lung defects (hypoplasia, fusion of right lung lobes, a large cyst of lower left lung)

  1. The summary of congenital malformation phenotypes in E18.5 Dyrk2−/− mice. Detailed abnormal phenotypes of each organ are indicated in parentheses.
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