Fig. 5: Nutrient-limited food chain stability.
From: Strong nutrient-plant interactions enhance the stability of ecosystems
a–d Non-equilibrium dynamics (log10(C1,max/C1,min)) and equilibrium stability (real part of the dominant eigenvalue; \({\lambda }_{{\max }}\)) of the C–R–N, P–C–R–N with a single oscillator, P–C–R–N with coupled oscillators, and P–C1–C2–R–N modules, respectively, as \({a}_{{RN}}\) is varied.
